Proposta metodológica para inspeções e estudo do intemperismo de basaltos em drenos de pé de barragens de terra

Abstract

The performance of drainage systems in earth dams is directly related to the physical and hydraulic integrity of the draining materials that compose them. In the case of toe drains, made up of rock blocks, these structures are subject to alteration processes that may compromise their hydraulic and structural function. Therefore, this study proposed a methodology to map and characterize such alterations in earth dams, aiming to identify degradation signs (such as clogging and weathering) that could endanger the safety of the civil structure. The main objective was to develop a protocol based on visual classification criteria, combined with georeferencing and image analysis techniques, to systematize the assessment of toe drains. The study is justified by the need to identify early signs of degradation that may affect the efficiency of the drainage system in earth dams. This is an applied research with a qualitative and descriptive approach, grounded on literature review, document analysis, and systematization of existing data. The proposed methodology included guidelines for field observation, classification criteria for alteration degree, and georeferencing techniques, as well as suggestions for rock material characterization tests. The results allowed the creation of a simplified technical tutorial intended for professionals involved in preventive geotechnical inspections and dam management, contributing to continuous monitoring and maintenance of drainage system integrity.